Quality schools, parks and playgrounds, clean air, access to healthy food, health care and safe housing—these are some of the conditions and resources children need to grow up healthy and become productive adults. Many children in the U.S. live in neighborhoods that provide access to these conditions—neighborhoods we describe as “high opportunity.” But many live in “low opportunity” neighborhoods with few or none of these conditions. Black, Hispanic and Native American children are especially likely to live in very low-opportunity neighborhoods.